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Force-transfer walls require hold-down devices only at wall ends, so hold-down forces are generated and hold-down connections are input at the ends of force-transfer walls and there is no hold-down at the sides of each opening. Hold-down forces are reported in Plan View, Elevation View, and the Hold-down Design table only at the ends of walls.
Force Component Calculation
The shear force used for overturning calculations is the shear force applied to the entire wall. Dead and wind uplift loads over the entire length of the wall are distributed to the hold-downs at the end of the wall, so the hold-down force calculations include the dead and wind uplift loads over openings, instead of distributing them to opening supports.
Hold-down Forces for Deflection Calculations
The deflection calculations for force transfer wall require the computation of hold-down forces at opening ends as if there were a hold-down at these locations. These forces appear in the Hold-down Displacement table of the Design Results, but are not shown in Elevation or Plan view or in the Hold_down Design table.
Axial Wall Stud Forces
The unit shear forces in the piers that are shown acting horizontally also act vertically along the studs at wall and opening ends. The vertical forces at the wall end add up to the hold-down force, neglecting the hold-down offset. Beside the openings, tension and compression axial forces are developed in the studs due to the difference in shear force in piers adjacent to the studs. Shearwalls does not calculate or report these forces, but they should be considered when designing the wall.